Ukraine has been exploring options to acquire the Swedish JAS 39 Gripen fighter jets, but the authorities in Kyiv have decided against it. “It’s not just about getting new aircraft and training pilots. These are intricate systems, and managing two simultaneously would be too challenging,” explained Swedish Foreign Minister Tobias Billström.
Billström noted that while Ukraine had the chance to procure the Swedish JAS 39 Gripen, they declined during negotiations. The decision was swayed by the availability of F-16 fighters, commonly used by NATO countries, making it challenging for Kyiv to operate two different aviation systems. Still, Billström mentioned that Sweden is open to discussing future Gripen deliveries.
As a reminder, the Swedish government announced a year ago plans to start training Ukrainian pilots and aviation personnel on the JAS 39 Gripen. However, it seems these plans were never brought to fruition.
Sweden’s discussion about sending Gripen fighters to Ukraine isn’t breaking news. This conversation has been active since mid-last year, coinciding with the booming debate over F-16 fighter jet deployments.
Back then, Sweden’s center-right government was strategically preparing for a potential aircraft contribution to Ukraine. This move aligned with announcements from European allies like Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and the Netherlands, who all planned to send Lockheed Martin F-16 fighter jets to Kyiv.
Amid this bustling activity, Defense Minister Paul Jonsson directed the Swedish military leadership to evaluate the potential effects of various forms of aid on Ukraine’s fighting capabilities. This assessment included options such as exporting or donating Gripen aircraft.
Gripen is considered the better option for Ukraine by many experts. The design’s open architecture, tall undercarriage, stiffer suspension, and ability to be serviced where it landed [no need for a depot] give it a much greater tactical advantage over the F-16.
The Gripen, developed by Saab, and the F-16, developed by General Dynamics [now Lockheed Martin], have distinct differences in their avionics systems. The Gripen features an advanced avionics suite that includes a fully integrated digital cockpit with three large multi-functional displays [MFDs], a wide-angle Head-Up Display [HUD], and a Hands-On Throttle-And-Stick [HOTAS] control system. This setup allows for superior situational awareness and ease of control for the pilot.
In contrast, the F-16’s avionics have evolved over its long service life. The latest variants, such as the F-16V, feature an advanced glass cockpit with color MFDs, an upgraded HUD, and HOTAS controls similar to the Gripen. However, earlier models of the F-16 had more traditional analog instruments and fewer digital displays, reflecting the technological advancements over time.
Another key difference lies in their radar systems. The Gripen is equipped with the PS-05/A radar, which is a multi-mode pulse-Doppler radar capable of tracking multiple targets simultaneously and providing high-resolution imaging. The F-16, depending on the variant, may be equipped with different radars. For example, the F-16V uses the AN/APG-83 Scalable Agile Beam Radar [SABR], an Active Electronically Scanned Array [AESA] radar that offers enhanced detection and tracking capabilities compared to earlier mechanically scanned array radars.
The electronic warfare [EW] systems also differ between the two aircraft. The Gripen is fitted with an integrated EW suite that includes radar warning receivers, electronic support measures, and countermeasures dispensers. This suite is designed to provide comprehensive protection against a wide range of threats. The F-16, particularly in its latest configurations, also features advanced EW systems, such as the AN/ALQ-213 Electronic Warfare Management System, which integrates various defensive aids and countermeasures to enhance survivability.
Communication systems in the Gripen include secure, jam-resistant radios and data links like Link 16, which facilitate real-time information sharing and coordination with other assets. The F-16 also employs secure communication systems and data links, including Link 16, ensuring interoperability with allied forces and enhancing mission effectiveness.
In terms of software architecture, the Gripen utilizes an open architecture design, allowing for easier upgrades and integration of new technologies. This modular approach ensures that the aircraft can be rapidly updated to meet evolving threats and operational requirements. The F-16 has also adopted a similar open architecture in its later variants, enabling continuous modernization and the incorporation of advanced capabilities.
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